CONTEMPORARY UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONDITION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

The article presents overview and statistical data on heart failure and cardiovascular diseases, data from world studies on different forms of heart failure in accordance with the modern classification, their clinical, anamnestic and prognostic differences, and different approaches to the treatment of heart failure. Over the past five years, the number of patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction has increased from 38 to 54%. The increase in life expectancy, and, consequently, the number of patients with chronic heart failure, in particular with preserved ejection fraction, generates scientific interest in this problem. Pathophysiological changes in the body that determine the development of the symptom complex characteristic of this pathology are currently being actively studied. This review presents the main mechanisms responsible for the appearance of symptoms characteristic of patients with chronic heart failure: muscle weakness, decreased tolerance to physical activity, dyspnea. The pathophysiological and pathogenetic processes associated with muscle weakness and dyspnea in patients with chronic heart failure with both preserved and reduced ejection fraction are covered in detail.